Accumulating means



Feb. 1, 1944.,

D. W. RUBIDGE ETAL.

ACCUMULATING MEANS Filed July 25, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 R M a d m mw 5m Jw m m T T A 1944- D. w. RUBIDGE ET AL v 2,340,772

ACCUMULATING MEANS Filed July 25, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 1944- D. w. RUBIDGE ET AL 2,340,772

ACCUMULATING MEANS Filed July 25, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 \Y\\\'\\\ lllllll-lllnlllllxv III IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIM Feb. 1, 1944. D. w. RUBIDGE ETAL q 2,340,772

' ACCUMULATING MEANS Filed July 25, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet INVE{V TORS J. W lFz/b 1d 96 BY .5 J Fabeflaa A TTORNEY.

ACCUMULATING MEANS Flled July 25, 1940 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 mvzgzvroks fl Fab/0'92 BY [.J. fiabenaa ATTORNEY.

D. W. RUBIDGE ET AL Feb. 1, 1944.

D. w. RUBIDGE ETAL Feb. 1, 1944.

ACCUMULATING MEANS 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed July 25, 1940 GEE Patented Feb. 1, 1944 AccUMuLA'rrNG MEANS David W. Rubidge, Chatham, N. 1., and Edward J. Rabenda, Blnghamton, N. Y., International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. 2., a corporation of New York orsto Application July 25, 1940, Serial No. 847,436 12 Claims. (Cl. ass-61.8)

This case relates to accumulating and recordample, as are controlled by records bearing value designations.

It is desired in accounting machines to obtain the balance 01' negative and positive values and to record the balance, negative or positive, in

disclosed in Patent No. 2,199,547, two accumulators are used to obtain the balance of negative and positive amounts. One of these accumulators receives positive values as true figures and negative values as tens complements while the other accumulator receives the negative values as true figures and the positive values as "tens complements. Depending on whether the balance is negative or positive, one of these accumulators will register true figures and this accumulator will be selected for controlling total printing.

The general object of the present invention is to provide improved, simplified means for ac- I cumulating negative and positive amounts and obtaining the balance in true figures whether such balance be negative or positive.

More s ecifically, an object is to provide a single balance accumulator for receiving positive values as true figures and negative values as nines complements and for maintaining a nega tive balance of positive and negative values as a "nines complement in each order, including the units order.

An object is, further, to provide such a single balance accumulator as will provide a correct, true registration-oi a positive balance of negative and positive entries. I Another object is to provide a novel method and novel means for converting a complement of a negative balance into true figures.

An object is, further, to provide a method and means 01 converting a complement of a negative balance into true figures by adding to each of the columns or orders of the complement registration the difierence between the complement figure in each order and the corresponding true figure while carrying between the orders is suppressed or ignored.

An object is, also, to select theconversion figure, to be added to an order, under control of the order itself.

In record-controlled accounting machines, the

-ing means of accounting machines, such, for exread out. The cards are fed through the machine during card feed cycles and during each such. cycle, the values are derived from a card and entered in the appropriate accumulators. When a group change occurs, the card i'eed cycles are interrupted and a total taking cycle initiated.

- natural or true figures. In a known machine,

Following the total taking cycle, the cycles may be resumed.

Another object of the present invention is, upon detection of a negative balance in an accumulator from which a total is to be read out, to interpose a conversion cycle between the card feed cycle card reed during which the group change occurred and the record cards may be arranged in minor, intermediate, and major groups. Accumulators may be provided for accumulating the items from each such group. When a minor group change occurs, a total taking cycle is initiated for reading out the total oi the minor group'accumulator. Upon an intermediate group change, the intermediate, as well as minor group accumulator. is read out. When a major group change occurs, the major, intermediate, and minor group accumulators are total taking cycle. During this conversion cycle, the negative complementary balance will be converted according to the novel method into true figures. After the conversion, the total taking cycle will be initiated to record or read out the negative balance in true figures. It is anotherobject of the invention to provid a conversion cycle only ii the particular group change occurs which demands that the accumulator selected for accumulating amounts from the particular group which has changed has a negative balance. Thus, upon a minor group change, a conversion cycle will occur if the minor group accumulator has a negative balance. Further, upon a minor group change, ii the. minor group accumulator has a positive balance, a conversioncycle will not occur even though the intermediate group accumulator should have a negative registration. However, upon an intermediate group change, a conversion cycle will occur even though the intermediate group accumulator has a positive balance provided that the minor accumulator has a negative balance. Thus, the invention contemplates control and selection 01' conversion op- I erations by the group or auto'control means.

It is also within the purview of the invention to provide each accumulator with registering means including an amount representing commutator to select the conversion digits and control the conversion operation.

It is a further object to suppress carry ations during conversion.

In some cases, it is desired to obtain progresopersive totals. Ordinarily, an accumulator is zerov ized when its balance is read out. In progressive totaling, the balance is read out and retained for accumulation with following amounts and balances. sive totaling by a selected accumulator upon the occurrence of 'a particular group change. For example, an accumulator may be selected to accumulate progressive minor totals and to be cleared when an intermediate group change occurs. According to the principles or the present invention, when the selected accumulator has a negative balance, registering as complements, the complements are converted into true figures It is also desirable to interrupt progrescause the addition 'of the conversion digits. 'the end of the conversion cycle, a total takin supplementary order to the units order.

before being read out of the accumulator. In

" progressive totaling, if the accumulator retained an additional object of the invention, whenthe machine is taking progressive totals, to reconvert a converted negative balance into its previous complementary figures before further entries are made therein.

Further, it is an object to add into an accumulator order during conversion and reconversion' two conversion amounts the sum of which is ten so that after reconversion, the order will contain the original complementary amount. a According to the present invention, a single balance accumulator is provided for receiving negative and positive amounts, with the negative amounts being entered as a "nines complement in each order. The accumulator proper has a sufficient number of orders to receive the highest po'sitive total which may beaccumulated. In "addition, above the highest order of the accumulator proper, a supplementary order is protive balance is indicated. Means are provided to "test the supplementary order for a 9. If the test determines that the supplementary order has a 9," then negative balance control means are opertaed to initiate a conversion cycle and to operation is initiated during which the negative balance converted into true figures is read out and recorded, preferably as a printed record identified as a negative amount by'a suitable symbol. 'If the supplementary order is found to contain 0, manifesting the presence of a positive balance, the total taking cycle may be initiated directly after the card cycle during which a group change took place.

when the supplementary order advances from '9 to 0 because of the change from a negative to a positive balance, a carry takes effect from the This provides a correct registration in true figures of a positive balance. If the supplementary order moves from 9 to 9 as a result of the addition of the complement of a negative amount to a previous negative balance, a carryfrom the supplementary to the units order also occurs, causing the unit and higher orders to register a "nines" complement. With all the orders, including the units order, registering a nines complement, the conversion is simplified since it is unnecessary to distinguish the units order from the other orders as would be the case were the accumulator to receive and register tens complements. Further, by utilizing a nines. complement in each order, the entry of a negative amount from the card is simplified since it is unnecessary to distinguish between the units order and the other orders as would be necessary were a "tens complement to be entered.

Other objects ofthe invention will be pointed out in the following description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention and the best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an isometric skeleton view of operating parts of the machine.

Fig. 2 shows a portion of a record card.

Fig. 3 is a vertical, side sectional view through the machine showing the printing means.

Fig. 4 is a side, partly sectional, view, of a pair of accumulator orders mounted on a single plate.

Fig. 5 is a view of the plate and accumulators taken from the opposite side.

Fig. 6 is a section along lines 6--6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a side view of a total switch column and its control means.

Figs. 8a and 812 show the circuits of the machine for ordinary accumulation without progressive totaling.

Fig. 9 is a timing chart, and

Fig. 10 shows additions to the circuits for progressive totaling.

Main drive (Fig. 1).--A motor M has a belt and pulley drive to a shaft III which through worm gearing Ii rotates a main clutch shaft l2. Shaft i2 through gearing i3 rotates a shaft [4 which, in turn, is geared to a shaft I5. On shaft I5 are cams CB for operating CB cam contacts referred to later in the circuit description.

Accumulator drive means (Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 6).--Shaft It serves through bevel gears Hi to rotate a vertical shaft I'I. Pairs of bevel gears l8 afford drive from shaft I! to vertically spaced horizontal shafts 20. Each shaft 20 has spaced gears 2| for rotating gears 22 of a tier of accumulator orders. In the present machine, there are four shafts 20 and four tiers of accumulator units. Each unit may be assigned to a desired denominational order of an accumulator bank and will be referred to as an accumulator order. The accumulator orders are mounted on plates 23 slidably lnsertible between guide members 24 of the machine frame. The upper two tiers are conveniently carried by one set of plates 23 and the lower two tiers by another set of plates. Each individual supporting plate 23 thus carries two vertically separated accumulator orders, one from each of a pair of vertically spaced tiers. When a support plate 23 is fully inserted, the gears 22 of the two accumulator orders carried thereby move into mesh with a pair of gears 2! of two vertically separated shafts 20. The accumulator orders are alike and the details of only one will be given below.

The accumulator order (Figs. 4, 5 and 6) Each gear 22 is fastened to a member 26 rotatably carried through suitable bearings by a sleeve 21 fixed to plate 23. The member 26 loosely carries a clutch disk 28. Pins 25 (only one is shown) extending transversely from member 26 pass through openings in clutch disk 28 and force the clutch disk to rotate with member 26 and gear 22 while permitting lateral movement of the clutch disk. A spring washer 29 on member 26 normally maintains the clutch disk 28 in r ar, retracted position. The gear 22, member 28, and disk 28 may be referred to as the entering means of the accumulator order. When clutch disk 28 I is in retracted position, its teeth are disengaged readout commutator comprising a plate 34 of insulating material secured to shaft 33. Plate 34 carries diametrically opposite conductive brushes 35. Fixed to plate 23 is an insulating member 8% in which is set a series of ten contact segments I'll-ii to 9, disposed as shown in Fig. 5, and corresponding respectively to values to 9. Set in member 36, opposite the contact segments 31, is a common contact segment 38. During one half a turn of shaft 33, one of brushes 3% successively wipes segments fil-t to 9, while the other brush rides along common contact segment 38; during the next half turn, the positions of the brushes are reversed. Shaft 33 may assume differential value positions in each of which a brush it is on a segment 3'5, the particular value position being denoted by the particular value segment engaged with the brush. The readout commutator thus manifests or registers the value position of the accumulator order and may be referred to as the register device; the shaft 33 may be referred to as the register shaft; the readout commutator. shaft 32, and other parts carried by this shaft may be considered as a register order or as the register means of the accumulator order. The register means is difierentially operated in one direction by the entry means 22-26-28 according to a digital value of a notation, in the present case according to one of values 1 to 9 of the decimal notation. The entry means is effective to op erate the register means when clutch disk 28 is moved to the left (Fig. 6) to engage with clutch disk :30. The means for thus coupling the entry means and the register means together for common rotation will now be described.

Register coupling means-Adjacent the rim of clutch disk it is the beveled rim of a roller lfi carried by an upright arm cm of a coupling lever Jl. Lever ill is pivoted on a stud A12 extending from the support plate 23. In the normal, clockwise position of lever ll, roller M has no effect on the clutch disk 28 and spring washer '29 is effective to keep the clutch disk separated from clutch wheel 36. When lever M is rocked counterclockwise, roller it! engages and cams the clutch disk 28 into mesh with clutch. wheel 80, thereby coupling the register means to the entering means. The coupling action of lever ill is eiTected upon energization of a double coil entry magnet EM mounted on support plate 23. -When this magnet is energized it attracts an armature lever i i against resistance of a spring 35. The armature lever then releases lever til for counterclockwise, coupling action under the influence of a spring at. Previous to energization of magnet EM, the spring it holds armature lever i l in retracted position against a limit stop M. In the retracted position of armature lever dd, its tip is resting on the upper edge of the rear end of a horizontal arm Nb of lever 6!, thereby latching this lever in normal, clockwise position in which the register means is uncoupled from the entering means. To insure positive relation of movement of lever iii to armature lever 56, an interposer lever it is provided. The lever it has a screw 39 adjustable to engage the lower edge of the rear end of horizontal lever arm Mb when the I latter is under the tip of the armature lever. The interposer '38 has a vertical arm abutting the back of the armature lever. When the armature lever is attracted, it rocks the interposer lever lrl clockwise to kick the clutching lever 5H quickly away from latched position. On the other hand, when the clutching lever il is returned clockwise, it rocks the interposer lever it counterclockwise to return the armature lever it positively to latching relation with the clutching lever.

When the clutching lever 4| is in normal, latched position and the entering and register means are uncoupled from each other, the register means is positively locked in one of its value positions. The locking means comprises a detent arm the free end of which is adapted to engage between peripheral teeth 3000f clutch wheel 30. The clutch wheel has twenty teeth 30a spaced apart the equivalent of a valuestep of the register means. The diametrically opposite teeth 30a of the clutch wheel relate to the same digital value. Thus, the teeth on one half of the wheel 30 correspond to values 0 to 9 and pass the free end of detent arm 50 as one of the brushes 35 traverses the segments 31-4) to 9 of the readout commutator. The teeth on the other half of the wheel also correspond to values 0 to 9 and traverse the free end of arm 50 as. the other brush 35 is wiping the segments 310 to 9.01 the readout commutator. Hence, each position of the register means in which detent arm 50 is between a pair of teeth 39a corresponds to a digital value 0 to 9. Arm 50 is connected to clutching lever ll for common movement therewith by a loose pin and slot connection 52.. A spring 53 between the detent arm and clutching lever takes up the play in the pin and slot connection so that, in effect, the detent arm is a part of the clutching lever. lever is at its clockwise limit, in which it is latched up by armature lever 44 and in whichthe register means and entry means are uncoupled from each other, then thedetent armris engaged between a pair of teeth 31M of'wheel 30 and is looking the register means in a particular value position. When the armature lever M releases clutching lever il, it rocks counterclockwise, to cause the register means and entry means to be I coupled for common rotation and, at the same time, the detent arm 50 withdraws from the teeth tile of wheel 30 to permit the register means to rotate. When the clutching lever is returned to its clockwise, latched, uncoupling position, detent arm 50 enters the spacebetween a pair of teeth 33a and locks the register means in the new value position to which it has been rotated. The clutching lever is permitted by the loose pin-and slot connections 52 and spring 53 to have a slight over-throw relative to the detent lever in a clock wise direction, without imposing undue stress on the locking arm 58 after it has already engaged the wheel 30 and locked the register means in position.

The mounterclockwise, coupling movement of the clutching lever Q! is limited by engagement of a vertical extension of its arm lla with a stop lug 55a of an elementb i secured to plate 23. The element 54 incidentally serves to support one end of the spring 55 which is connected at the other end to armature lever 54.

The clutching lever may be returnedto clockwise, uncoupling. and relatched position by a camming roller 55 carried by member 26 of the entering means. When the clutching lever is in counterclockwise, coupling position, a horizontal extension llc thereof is in the path of camming roller 55. When roller 55 rides past the extension tic, it rocks the clutching lever clockwise, returning it to uncoupling, relatched position. Following the camming roller 55 is a second cam ming roller 56 carried by member 26. After roller 55 has restored clutching lever M, the lever may be 7a released by energization of magnet EM toeffect When the clutching a .carry operation of the register means. The

. carry operation is terminated by the action of roller I. on extension lic of lever ll after unity has been entered in the register means. The

means for controlling a carry operation will now be explained.

Carry control means (Figs. 4 and 5) .--In an ulator bank made up of a plurality of register orders, when one order passes from 9 to or past 0 position, unity must be carried to'the next higher order. In the present case, for a purpose which will be made clear later, a carry also takes place from the highest to the lowest order of the accumulator bank when the highest order passes through 0 position. Moreover, if an accumulator move from 9 to 0 may be referred to as the long carry. The carry control comprises a carry cam 00 fixed to the outerface of clutch wheel iii of the register means of an order. The cam 80 has diametrically opposite notches 60a, each corresponding to a 9 value position of the register means. Each notch directly precedes a projection "b which comes into action as the register means moves from the 9 to or through the 0 position. Mounted on a shaft Si is a ball 82, one side of which is formed as a follower 62a for the carry cam ill and the other side of which is formed as a lever 62b. The right end of lever lib (as viewed in Fig. 4) carries an insulating roller 88 resting on one end of a pivoted brush carrier 04 of conductive material. The brush carrier is pivoted on a stud 95 carried by a brass plate II fastened through insulation to the support plate 29. A spring 61 urges brush carrier 04 counterclockwise (as viewed in Fig. 5), thereby influencing ball 02 clockwise. Referring to the back view, Fig. 5, brush carrier 84 carries a conductive brush .9 movable between a pair of contact ends of lower and upper conductive strips II and II. These strips are fastened through insulation to brass plate 68. Leads Illa and lid are provided from the conductive strips 10 and II to terminal points. Brush carrier 84 is in contact with brass plate 80 and its brush 68, therefore, is oonductively connected to the brass plate. A lead "a is provided from brass plate 68 to a terminal point. The left end of lever 62b (as viewed in Fig. 4) is adapted to onset with the lower, hook end of a latch lever 13 urged by a spring I4 into latching position. The upper end of latch lever II is in the path of travel of a stud ll carried by continually rotating gear 22.

when the follower 62a is on a circular portion of carry cam 60, lever 82b and brush carrier 64 are in neutral positions in which the brush 6! is mid-way between and disengaged from both contacts II. and H. In the neutral position of lever 92b, its left end is abutting the front of the hook end of latch lever '13 and is unlatched, being free to move up or down. When the register means takes a 9 value position, a notch 60a of cam 60 is over the free end of follower 82a, permitting ball 82 to rock counterclockwise and brush carrier It to rock clockwise (as viewed in Fig. 4) under the influence of spring 81. In the clockwise position of carrier 64, its brush II is engaging the lower contact 10 for controlling a long carry should the register remain at 9 value position atthe end of the diflerential value entry period. However, assoon as the register means moves from 9 value position to or past the 0 value position, follower 62a is rocked out of notch "a and cammed clockwise (Fig. 4) beyond neutral position to an extent sufiicient to cause the left end of lever 62b to move above the shoulder of the hook end of latch lever ii. The spring I4 immediately swings latch lever 13 counterclockwise (Fig. 4) to latch ball 82 in its clockwise po-. sition. With bail 62 in this position, brush carrier is in extreme counterclockwise position (Fig. 4) in which brush it is engaging the upper contact H to control a short carry operation. Should the register means advance. beyond 0 position, the parts 62 and 64-68 all will remain in short carry position owing to lever -62b being latched by latch lever 13. After the carry operation has been completed, stud I5 engages the upper arm of latch lever II and rocks it clockwise to unhook lever 82b. Bail 82 and brush carrier 94 may then return to neutralposition.

The cycle (Pig. 9).At this point, a brief explanation of the cycle will be given. venience, the cycle is divided into twenty intervals, each covering 18. During the first interval, a 9 value may be selected for entry, during the second interval an 8 digit may be selected, and so on to the ninth interval in which a 1 digit may be selected. A 0 value selection has no effect on the register means and only the significant values need be. considered in connection with the entry operations. The teeth of clutch disks 2! and 30 are so related in position that when a perforation is sensed during an interval. a tooth of disk 28 will pick up a tooth of disk SI about one interval later to start rotating the register order. Thus, sensing of a 9 perforation starts rotation of the register during the second interval. The entering means 22-26-49 makes one revolution each cycle and each rotational position of the entering means may be referred to a particular cycle interval. The camming roller 88 of the entering means acts during the eleventh interval to restore the clutching lever and cause the register means to stop rotating. All the carry operations are preferably initiated during the thirteenth cycle interval and camming roller 56 restores the clutch lever to interrupt carry operation during the fourteenth interval after a carry rotation of the register means is efl'ected through one interval, sufilcient to enter unity. The stud ll of the entering means acts on latch lever II to release a latched carry control bail 02 after the carry step has been started.

Adding and subtracting-The accumulator banks may add and subtract values. The addition of a value may be considered as a pomtive entry or as the entry of a true or natural number. The subtraction of a value may be considered as a negative entry which is effected by entering the nines complement of the number. In making a positive entry, the entry magnet EM is energized at about the middle of any of the first nine cycle intervals according to whether the positive number selected for entry is digit 9, 8,7,6...2,or1. EM then releases clutching lever II to cause rotation of the register means to add the selected positive number. The rotation of the register means for entering the positive number is interrupted at about the middle of the eleventh For con-- The energization of lnagnet.

V latched position.

. 2,840,773 V cycle interval by the action of causing roller 55 on the clutching lever. To eflect a negative entry, the entry magnet EM is always energized during any of the first nine cycle intervals. The

extent of rotation of the register means is then the difference between 9 and the selected negative number. For example, if the selected negative number is 9, the register means will not have been rotated at all, which may be considered as f a entry, If the selected negative number is 8,

the register means start rotating in the second interval and its rotation will be stopped in the third interval, due to sensing of the negative perforation inthe second interval. Consequently, the nines complement 1 of negative digit 8 will have been entered. If the negative number is 0, the register means will start rotating in the secondinterval and stop rotating in the eleventh interval and the complement of9" of the negative digit 0 will have been entered.

The means for interrupting rotation of the card is shown in Fig.2. Each card has parallel columns of index positions. The first ten index positionsof a column are, in ascending order, the

register means in making a negative entry or after it has entered the nines complement of a negative number includes a subtracting magnet SM in each order. The magnet SM is mounted on support plate 23 (see Figs. 4 and 5). The armature lever 80 of magnet SM is normally held by a spring 8i in retracted position against a stop 82. In this retracted position, the tip of the armature lever is resting on the right hand end (Fig. 4) of a lever 83 pivoted on a studtd extending from support. plate 23.. To the left arm of lever 83 is connected the upper end oi previously mentioned spring 46 which is con nected at the lower end to clutching lever 46. Spring 56 is constantly in tension and urging clutching lever ll counterclockwise and lever 83 counterclockwise (Fig. 4). The left arm of lever 83 is provided with a stud 85 spaced above the upper edge of right hand arm Mb of clutching lever 4i while the clutching lever is in clockwise, When the clutching lever is released by armature lever H of entry magnet EM, it rocks counterclockwise to effect coupling of the register means to the entering means. As the clutching lever takes its counterclockwise includes a plurality ofintermediate position, arm lib thereof moves upwardly almost in engagement with stud 85 of lever 88. Should subtract magnet SM now be energized, its armature lever 80 will be attracted, releasing lever 83 which will be rocked counterclockwise by spring 46. As lever 83 rocks counterclockwise, its stud 85 acts on arm rllb to actuate the clutching lever ti clockwise, returning the clutching lever to re latched, uncoupling position. Thus, energizatlon of magnet SM results in interrupting rotation of the register means when entry of the nines complement of a negative number has taken place.

The lever 83 is restored clockwise to relatched position with respect to armature 86 of magnet SM by the action of a camming roller 58 (Figs.

4 and 6) carried by the gear 22 of the entering means. Within the eleventh cycle interval, roller 86 rides past the left end of lever 83 and cams the lever clockwise to restore it to normal, relatched position. The record card (Fig. 2) .--In the present case, the values entered in the accumulators are derived from record cards R. A. portion of one 9 to 0 index positions. A single perforation in a column in one of the 9 to Opositiona denotes the-digital value corresponding to the positions; e. g., a perforation in the 5 position represents digit 5. The digital perforation in a column may represent either a negative or positive number. No significance is to be attached to the terms negative and positive other than the fact that the number which is to be entered additively as a natural number is conveniently designated as a numerical card field in which each column has a particular denominational order significance.

As usual, group identifying values may be perforated in the cards to identify a common group of cards. The cards may be arranged in major, intermediate, and minor groups. The major group has a common major identification and groups. Each intermediate group has a common intermediate identification and includes a plurality of minor groups. Each minor group has a minor identification and is the final subdivision into which the cards are grouped.

The cord handling and analyzing sectton.- Cne or more card v(Fig. 1). -A picker 9! feeds one card at a time from the bottom of the hopper to the first pair of a plurality of successive pairs of feed rolls 82. The feed rolls feed the card continuously through an upper analyzing station and one cycle later through a lower analyzing station and then to an ejecting drum 93 which deposits the card in a delivery magazine station comprises a common contact roller 88 and arow of conductive sensing brushes U3. The lower analyzing station has a similar contact roller 88 and a similar row of brushes LB. Each brush is adapted to sense one card column and to engage through a perforation in the column with the common contact roller. The rate of movement of the card is such that the index positions 9 to 0 and X traverse an analyzing station during the first eleven intervals of a cycle (see Fig. 9) and the portion of each interval in which a brush LB or UB engages in a perforation in an index posltion is indicated by the first line of the timing chart. "The cards follow each other at a distance and successive cardsitraverse an analyzing station'durlng successive cycles. The

ginger and lower analyzing stations are so spaced is driven from the groups may be collected in a f 94. The upper analyzing corresponding index positions of a pair of it through releasable provided with a single thereby coupled to continually rotating shaft I 2.

The: driven clutch assembly includes a gear I88 acting through a gear train III2 to rotate a large gear I03. Gear 183 meshes with -gears I84 for di'lvingthefeedrollsimj Also meshed .with. largegear I03 is a gear I05 to which is eccentrically connected one end' of=anarm;I88- connected at the other end to a crank arm HIT-of a shaft I88. The shaft- I88 -;carries an arm I88 foroperating the picker 8|.

Gearing I I0 is also provided between gear I83 and -theshaft of :a' plurality; of-1cams CF which operate CF cam contacts referred to ln the circuit description,

, =Thus,-as a. result of energization ormagnet CFM, thecard picker, card feedrolls, and earns Clare set in operation.-

Recording means (Fig. 3 ).--Means are .pro-

- vided-torecord the data derived from the record ,cards. The machinemay'be set for: listingf'or tabulating operation; In listihgoperationg the recordlng meansiscontrolled by the data repre-j sentat'ions on.-each' card-"tolist the datar'as'it is enteredin the, accumulators. when; a change in card group occurs, therecording means records the. total at the; bottom of the list." Thcjtotal recording; is controlled by the accumulators. When-the machine is set for tabulating operation, x the recording meansoperatesto record" only the group numberof the; first :card of eachlgroup a print magnet PM. When the magnet is energized, the latch I32 is released from pawl I88 which springs into arrestingenga'gement with a tooth I29 of'the'typ carrier. There is one, such arresting means,- including a print magnet "PM, for each type carrier. A print magnet may-be energized under control of perforations in record cards or under control-of the accumulators during any of the'flrstten intervalsbf'the'cycleisee Fig. 9). The energization'aof maknetiPm" during the first cycle interval'arrests'the' type carrier 'with the 9 type at printingposition (see the last line'of the timing chart,'Fig. 9'); energization of the magnet during the second interval arrests the type carrier with the8 type at printing position, and so on; 'Ene'rgization oraprint magnet during the last cycle interval 'causes'the type bar .to be arrested with a classifying symbolin print- "ingpo'sition. .Whena type carrier'i 'arrestedthe associated arm II8 stops, and connecteds'pring.

ll'listretches,fwhile' actuating arms! and n! storing bai1 I 23 continue to rockclock'wise. After 3 t the period duringwhich the, typecarriers mayoraferentially'; be set in selected printing. 1 position,

printing hammers Iare tripped and'strikethe peeleme'nts atprinting positionto-prin'tithe alecteanat umrc gh a suitable inkribbonr'on 'theLshe'et carried, by the platen. After the printinfgl' operation, *the'p'awls I88 are restoredinto engagementvwithjlatches "I82 "b a; common bailand, upon a change in card group, to record the total-pertaining to the groumusually on the same. line as the group-numben- The recordingmeans. comprises a platen roller II2 around which the-sheetto be recordedon is fed. The line spacing or feed mechanism for the sheet and the controls thereforare disclosed in Patents 2.042,34 2--and 2.199.541 and ne d not be explained herein. Disposed", in front of the platen rollerare vertically. slidable type carriers II I, each carrying transversel slidable type elements II4 normallyheld by spring; (not shown) in rear positions. The type elements I, in descendingorder bear the types for-printing digits 9 to 0. Above .the 9 type, some of the type carriers have a type element for printing a classifying symbol-indicating a negative amount while others have a type 'elementfor printing a. symbol denoting a positiveamount.

.Each type carrier I I8 is connected at the lower end to an arm III pivoted, at H8 and connected by a spring II1 to a common bar 8. Bar III is fixed, between arms II8 fast to a shaft I28. Connected by links I22 to arms III is a restoring bail I28 overlying all the arms III. Shaftl28 rigidly carries an arm I24 connected by a link I28 to a cam follower I28. The cam follower has two branches each engaging one of the complementary cams I21 fast to a cam shaft I28. During a revolution of shaft I28, cams I2! oscillate follower I28. During counterclockwise movement of follower I 28, shaft I28 and arms II8'move'clock wise. Restoring bar In also"moves clockwise while'springs I" force the arms Ill 'to follow,

I88." Theoperations or the hammers and of bail Illare described in Patent",2.079,4-18 and n not be explained further herein.

The printing means is operated only during desired cycles. When the machine is listing, the printing means operates every cycle in whichra card is fed as well as in the total cycle. when the machine-is set for tabulating the printing means operates durinsfthe cycle in which the first card of a group is'fed and during a total cycle. The operating means for the printing means comprises a clutch disk I48 (Fig. 1) fixed to the continually rotating shaft I2 andhaving a single notch adapted to receive the tooth of a clutch dog m.- The clutch dog is carried by a driven assembly, including a gear I48, rotatably mounted on shaft I2. Normally, theclutch dog is latched up by armature. lever I44 of print clutch magnet PCM. When this magnet is ener- 1 gized, dog I42 is released engages the-notched which carries the cams; for operating .the barts 'of' the printing means. Gearing I48 shaft I28 to a shaft carrying P cams for operate log P. cam contacts referred to in the circ'uit description.

PB switches (Fig. 3).--A shaft I48 carries. -a

plurality of cams I48, only one of which issho'wni Following each cam is a bell crank lever' I88 connected to a vertically movable bar I ofinsulating material and'which is notched to re- Y ceive'the central blades of a plurality of twosided PB switches. The cam I48 has three levels. thereby moving the ype carriers II8 upwardly. 7s Referring to the time chart, Fig. 9, throughout the value entering and type selecting period of a cycle, the highest level is keeping lever I50 in counterclockwise position in which the upper sides PBa of the switches are closed. At 207' of the cycle, the lowest level of cam I48 is engaging lever I50 maintaining it in clockwise position in which the lower sides PBb of the switches are closed for completing carry circuits which will be traced later. At 250 of the cycle, the intermediate level of a cam IE9 is on lever I50 and the lever is in midposition in which both the uppe and lower sides of the switches PB are open. At about 340, the upper level of cam I49 again closes the PM sides of the switches.

Shaft I48 has a gear I52 meshed with a gear I53, rotation of which serves to rotate shaft I48 and earns I49. Gear I53 is rotatably carried by shaft I4 and driven through suitable gearing from a card feed cycle shaft so that the cams I49 will shift the PB switches only during card feed cycles.

TS switches (Fig. 7) .--Carried by the machine frame are a plurality of columns of switchcs TS having upper sides T511 and lower sides TSh. The centerblades of each column of switches are engaged with a vertical bar I55 of insulatingpresses the start key (Fig. 8a, left) causing a circuit to be made from line Ill through start key contacts K. card reed clutch magnet CHM and control cell R5 in parallel, contacts R255,

INTa, and stop key contacts K, to line I".

Magnet CFM, being energized, causes the "card feed means to be set in operation for a cycle. During the first cycle, the first card Just moves under the upper brushes UB. A special brush U'B (Fig. 8a, right upper) is located to one side of the card column locations for detecting absence of a card at the upper brushes and takes theplace of the upper card lever contacts. The operations controlled by brush UB' will be explained in connection with the last card operations. During the first cycle, the first card is just under brushes U13 and special brush U3. The start key isheld down to continue the card i'eed fora second cycle. During the second cycle, the first card is sensed by brushes UB and also closes lower card lever contacts LCL (Fig. 8a,

.QQJIlett) -A circuit is completed thereby from line material. The bar has a lug I55 above a pivj-" oted member 555 which is latched by armature I51 of magnet TSM. The bar I55 is supported for vertical movement by a pair of levers I58 and I59, the upper lever I59 being adapted to follow a cam I on the continuously running shaft I4. When the bar I is in upper position, the upper sides 'ISa of the switches are closed. When magnet TSM is energized, member I55 is released by armature I51 and rocked counterclockwise by a spring T-I5I, and as soon as the follower lever I59 rides off the high portion of cam I50, 9. spring I52 lowers bar I55 until lug I 55' engages shoulder I551: of the membar I 55. In this lowered position of the bar, the lower sides TS! of the switches are closed. When a follower lever I59 again rides up on the high portion of cam I60, the bar I55 is elevated so that its lug I55 is above the top of member I55. The member I55 is latching engagement with respect and to the armature I51 of m'agne'trlls means of members I53 operated by 23, .p on the cam I50.

As will be brought out later in thecircu diagram, magnet TSM is energized onlyjffo atom taking cycle to cause switch sides-TSUTto close.

At other times, switch sides T SqAar-eclosed.

Circuits and OperatiQfi Assume a stack of cards composed of several groups is placed in supply hopper 90 (Fig. 1). The operator closes main switch S (Fig. 8a, left) placing current on opposite lines' I55 and I55. Motor M is directly across these lines and immediately starts running, causing operation of the continually running clutch driving shaft I2 and the other continually running means including cams CB.

In the circuit diagrams, the relay coils are designated by R followed by a number and the relay contacts operated by a cell are designated by the reference notation of the coil followed by a small letter. A similar system of identification is used for relay magnets and contacts operated thereby, with the-contacts being. designated by numbers following the reference notation of thereiated magnet.

Initial card feed cycles-The operator now derestored to t 15.; 55

the. contacts LCL open.

1I. '5l5 ;'through lower card lever relay coil R3, conacts LCL, to line I55. Successive cards follow to e another at a distance, so that between cards Coil R3, however, is held through a shunt path including cam contacts CF! and stick contacts R311, and does not deenergize until the last card has passed the lower card lever and cam contacts CF! have opened.

One or more columns of the cards bear group designations. U13 and LB do not sense agreeing group designations, in successive cards, auto control means becomes effective to detect the group change and to initiate auto control operations. Atthe end of the second card feed cycle, the leading edge of the first card just moves under lower brushes LB. Thus, during the second cycle,'.the lower brushes LB have been sensing the bare contact roller 55 and the auto control means detects an apparent group change. For the present, it is suilicient to state that as a result or the group i change, contacts R2512 open to break the circuit rupted. Subsequently, a total print cycle occurs during which contacts PIII close. Contacts Rflb -'-also reclose and with auto start switch AB closed andlower card lever relay contacts R31) closed, a shunt circuit around start key contacts K Is completed through magnet CFM and coil R5. The third card cycle then occurs. Coll R5 closes contacts R511 and with contacts Rib and R251: also closed, the start key contacts remain shunted and card feed clutch magnet CFM remains in operation after the start key is released until another group change occurs.

During the third card feed cycle, the first card passes the lower brushes LB and entries are made from the card into the accumulators. The cards will continue to feed and'the entries to be made into the accumulators from the successive cards until a'group change occurs. 11' the machine is set to list each entry, then the print means will be clutched each cycle. If the machine is set to tabulate, the print means will during a total cycle and the the total cycle.

To set the machine for listing, list switch L8 is closed and the following circuit will be completed while cards are feeding (Fig. 8a, left):

PCM list circuit.--Line I55, print clutch magnet PCM, contacts R25a, INT5, R5b, list switch first cycle following LS, contacts R317, line m.

If the upper and lower brushes be clutched only I if switch L8 is open, the machine is in noniietlng condition, and above circuit does not form but instead, in a manner described later, an

alternative circuit is formed to energize magnet PCM during the first card cycle on a group of cards so as to cause printing oi the group number.

Card entries-The manner in which entries of l values from the cards are made in the accumulators will now be explained. As explained before,

the negative card values are accompanied by an .plus coil R65 connected in parallel to plus plug sockets I p and minus coils R64 connected in parallel to minus plug sockets In (see middle of Fig. 8a). The plus sockets Ip are connected by a plug wire I66 to the P (plus) plug socket of a class selector switch R3Ib, while the negative sockets are connected by a plug wire I66 to the N (negative) plug socket of this switch. The C (common) socket of the switch Rilb is connected by a plug wire to a socket I16 (left side of Fig. 8a). The condition of switch R'Jlb determines whether plus coils R66 or minus coils R66 will be energized. If, as a card is passing the upper brushes, an X hole is not sensed, indicating that the card bears a positive value, the coil R6I is not energized and contacts R6Ib remain in normal condition. At 288 of the cycle in which the card has been sensed by upper brushes UB, cam contacts CF26 (see Fig. 9 for timing), close and with contacts R3Ib in normal condition, the following circuit forms (start with the-left side of Fig. 8a):

Plus coils circuit-Line I66, contacts LCL or through cam contacts CF1 and contacts ,Rla, plug socket I16, a plug wire (not shown) to socket C of switch R3Ib (middle of Fig. 8a), the

normally closed side of this switch, plug wire I66,

socket Ip, coils R66, cam contacts CF23, line I66. Coils R65 close the relay contacts R650 and shift the relay contacts R661) in each order of Acc. #1 (see Fig. 8b). Cam contacts CF23 remain closed during the 9 to 1 digit sensing period of the next cycle when the card is passing through the lower analyzer. Thus, contacts R661; and R662) remain in operated condition as the card is being sensed by the lower brushes LB for digit 9 to 1 perforations. When a brush LB senses a digit perforation in a card column to which an order of Acc. #1 is assigned, the following circuit forms (start with right side of Fig. 80.):

Add circuit-Line I66, contacts R30 and CF2, lower contact roll 96, a brush LB, the connected brush socket I12, a plug wire (not shown) to one of the plug sockets I13 (left side of Fig. 8b), the wire I14 connected thereto and through cable assume a I ing circuit, a circuit is completed through a print magnet PM as follows:

PM list circuit.--Beginning as in the preceding circuit and proceeding via cable I16 to the contacts Rila, a plug socket I66, a plug wire (not shown) to a plug socket I62 (lower, left of Fig. 8b), the closed side 18a. of the connected TS switch, a print magnet PM, tobus I11.

If the machine is set for listing, the print clutch magnet PCM will have been energized and the print cycle means will be operating. Therefore, energization oi a magnet PM under control of the card perforation will position the type carrier II6 (Fig. 3) so that the type for printing the digit represented by the perforation will be in printing position.. The printing operation will occur in the manner explained before to print the digits represented on the card and entered in the accumulator.

Negative value controls-During the X hole sensing period, cam contacts CF6 are closed and a circuit (center of Fig. 8a) is established from line I66 to wire I66, plural coil relay magnet MCRI, contacts GM, to line I66.

Magnet MCR6 closes pairs of contacts MCR6a, one pair of which is in series with an X pickup relay coil R36 (right, Fig. 80.). When a card bears a negative value, it has an X hole in the selected column. When an upper brush senses this X hole, the following circuit is completed (Fig. 8a, right):

X pickup circuit-Line I66, contacts CFI I, the upper contact roll 66, the brush UB sensing the x-bearing column, its plug socket I66, a plug wire I66 to a socket I66, contacts MCRBa, coil R66, contacts R221, to bus I11.

Coil R66 closes contacts R36c forming a circuit through holding coil RSOH and coil RSI as follows (Fig. 8a, center): Line I65, wire I61, in parallel through coils R36 and RSI, contacts R6612, cam contacts CF2I,to line I66.

' Cam contacts CF2I remain closed until after the 9 to 1 digit entry period of the next card feed cycle, and during this period coil R6IH keeps the class selector R6Ib switch in shifted condition. With switch Riib in shifted condition, the "Plus coils circuit" traced above is not I16 to the center blade of contacts R6612 of the order assigned to the sensed column. The circuit continues through the right side of contacts R6622, the side PBa (closed during digit sensing) of the connected PB switch, a wire I16, the side T84: of the related switch TS, the entry magnet EM, to a common bus I11 for the magnets EM,-

trol, carry circuits, etc., and it will be unnecessary to trace such circuits beyond bus "1 toliuc' I66.

made. Instead, the circuit is made through the negative coils R64 from line I66, through contacts CFI and Rla or through contacts LCL (left side of Fig. 8a), plug socket I16, plug wire (not shown) to socketv C of switch R6Ib (center of Fig. 8a), the left side of this switch, socket N, plug wire I66, socket In, coils R66, contacts CF", to line I65.

Coils R66 close relay points R66a of Ace. #1 (see Fig. 8b), and when cam contacts CF26 close at the 9" digit sensing point of the cycle during which the card with the negative value is passing the lower analyzer, the following circuit is formed:

Negative entry initiation-431m I66, contacts Ric (upper right of Fig. wire I16 (continue with Fig. 8b), contacts CF26, R66a, the upper,

now-closed side PBa of a pair of contacts PB, the normally closed side of a total contact T8;

proceeds through the lower brushes, the negative value perforation is sensed, causing a difl'er entially timed circuit to be completed as follows (start with Fig. So, right side) Negative entry completion.--Line I86, contacts Ric, CF'Z, contact roll 96, a brush LB, a plug socket I I2, plug wire (not shown) to a plug socket I13 (left side, Fig. 8b), cable I15, the closed side of contacts R551, the normally closed side T81: of a switch TS, the subtraction magnet SM, to bus I".

Energization of magnet SM interrupts entry operation the accumulator order at a time dependent on the sensed negative value. Hence, the accumulator order will have added the difference between digit 9 and the negative digit on the card; that is to say, the nines complement of the negative digit.

It should be noted, further, that with plus relay contacts R65ain normal open condition, the connection between the cable I15 and socket I80 oi the PM list circuit is completed, instead of through RBM, through negative relay contacts 25th, now closed.

Carri; operations.-When a register order passes from 9 to or past 0, the related short transfer contact H is engaged with brush 68 (see Fig. 4). If a register order is at "9 after the 9' to 1 digit entry period, then the long transfer contact i9 is engaged with brush 88 (see Fig. 5). After the digit entry period and at about 26"! (see the timing chart Fig. 9), the lower sides PBb of the PB switches (Fig, 3) are closed and when cam contacts C858 close at about 225, the carry circuits prepared by the long and short carry contacts 68-'lil and 63-'II are simultaneously established from one order to another. For example, assume the units order has passed 0 position and itscarry contacts 68--1I are closed and that the tens order is at 9 position with its carry contacts 6810 closed. When contacts OBIS close at about 225', the following circuits are established iright side, Fig. 8b):

Short carry circuit -Jline- I68, contacts CBIB, wire I88, short carry contact "II of the units order, brush 68, wire I90 to the .PBb contacts or the tens order, wire I18, the normally closed side TSa of the connectedTsacontacts, entry magnet EM oi the tens order, to bus I'II. I

In the manner explained before, the carry entry is limited to a unit entry by the. action of comming roller 56 of. the: entering means on the clutching lever 4| (see Fig. 4).

II the tens order is at 9 at the carry time, then simultaneously with the above circuit, a branch circuit extends from the side PBb of the tens order through long carry contacts III of the tens order, brush 68, a wire I90, the contacts PBb of the hundreds order, a wire I16, connected 'ISa contacts, magnet EM of the hundreds order, to bus 111. v

For purposes of the disclosure, accumulator bank A00. #1 illustrated in the circuit diagram, Fig. 8b, has four orders. The units, tens, hundreds orders, respectively designated U, T, and H, are presumed to be of such capacity as to contain any true negative or positive total accumulated from the card field assigned to the Acc. #1. Above the hundreds order H, A00. #1 has a supplementary order TH connected to order H by a lower to higher order carry means such as described before. As will be brought out later, the supplementary order will register either 0 or 9. The presence of 0 in the supplementaryorder indicates that the balance is a positive amount,

other function of the supplementary order is to maintain in the accumulator a correct registration in true numbers of a positive balance of negative and positive entries, and. when the balance is negative to maintain in each order, including the units order, the nines complement 01 the negative balance. supplementary carry is provided between the supplementary order and the units order efiective to carry'unity to the units order whenever the supplementary order moves from 9 to or through 0 and whenever the supplementary order is at 9 and a carry is effected thereto from the preceding order. To provide for the supplementary carry, a plug wire I92 connects a socket CI of the supplementary order to a socket CU of the units order (Fig. 8b) When the supplementary order moves from 9 to 0, its brush 68 is engaged with short carry contact II, and during the carry period of the cycle, the following circuit is completed (Fig. 8!), right):

Supplementary carry circuit-Line I 68, contacts CBI6, wire I 88, contacts 'II oi! the supplementary order, engaged brush 68, the normally.

closed side of contacts R2122), socket CI, the plug wire I92 to socket CU, the side PB?) 01' the units order (closed during carry time), the normally closed side of the connected pair of TS contacts, the units order entry magnet EM, to bus I".

If the supplementary order TH is at 9 prior to the carry period, its brush 68 is engaged with long carry contacts I0. Then, it in the carry period, the hundreds order carries unity to the supplementary order, a long carry also would be effected, in the manner explained before, through contact 10 and brush 68 oi the supplementary order, to the units order. 1

To explain further the mode 01' operation 01' the accumulator, assume that the cards '0! a group bear amounts as follows:

1st car +532 2nd card -531 3rd car -105 4th card 5th car '+205 True 9 complement-..

True 9 complement...

9 complemenih: True Line 5, above, indicates a positive balance of 1. Line 7 registers the 9 complement of a negative balance 104. Line 11 registers the 9 complement of negative balance of 204. Line 15 indicates a positive balance of 1. It may be understood from For this purpose, a

lines 5, 6, and 7 that whenever a balancechanges negative to positive, the supplementary order moves from 9 to and a carry is effected to the units order. This causes the positive balance to be corrected by addition of unity. Also, whenever a negative amount is added to a negative balance, the supplementary order moves from 9 to the next 9 and a carry is effected to maintain the correct nines complement figures in all the aasonm ets I66 wired to upper group comparing relay coils RIM, RI32, RI, RI", etc. The sockets I12 0! the lower brushes LB for sensing the group designating columns are connected by plug wires I99 to the sockets I91 0! lower comparing relay coils RI29, RISI, RI33, RIM, etc. There is one such upper comparing coil and one lower comparing coil for each column of the group designating field.

During each card feed cycle, a circuit forms from line I65, through wire I61 (lower, center of Fig. 8a), parallel coils RI69 and RI10, cam

, contacts CFIQ, to line I66. Coil RI69 closes a orders, including the units order, or the accumu- I tect the presence of a 9 in the supplementary order in order to render means effective for converting the nines complement of the negative balance into a natural number representing the true negative balance. The conversion is effected according to the present invention by novel means operating according to a novel principle. This principle of complement conversion is based upon adding the diilerence between the individual nines complement digit and its corresponding natural digit and suppressing all carry operations between orders during the conversion. The following tabulation indicates the complement figures, the amount added thereto durin a conversion cycle, and the natural figure which will be recorded after conversion:

The amount 215 would then be printed as the true negative balance, suitably identified in a manner explained later.

The events leading to the printing of the total are initiated by the auto control means as a result of a change in card-group. The auto control means will now be explained.

Auto con-trol means.Each card'has a card field or fields bearing group designations. The sockets I84 of the brushes UB (Fig. 8a, right) which sense the columns of the group designatingfield are connected by plug wires I64 to sockgroup of Rl69a contacts in series with upper comparing coils while coil RI10 closes RI1Ila contacts in series with lower comparing coils. It is to be understood that as many such coils as RI66 and RI" and related contacts may be used as found expedient.

When an upper brush sensing a group desighating column finds a perforation, the following typical circuit forms (Fig.'8a, right) Upper group control pickup-Line I66, cam contacts CFI I, contact roll 66, brush UB, plug socket I, plug wire I96 to a socket I95, upper comparing coil RIM, the lowest relay contacts RI68a, contacts RM, to bus I11.

A similar circuit is established through the lower comparing coil RI29, extending from line I66, through relay contacts R3c, cam contacts CF2, the contact roll 96, a brush LB, socket I12, plug wire I96, lower comparing coil RI29, lowest contacts Rl1lla, to bus I I1.

Coils RI29 and RI66 respectively close contacts Ri29a and RI30a to energize holding coils RI29H and RI3IIH, as follows (center of Fig. Line I66, wire I99, in parallel through coil I29l-I-contacts I29a and coil RI30H-contacts RISIIa, cam contacts CF30, to line I66.

Coils RI29H and RI30H hold contacts RI!!!) and RI30b in shifted position until contacts CF66 open after the 9 to 1 sensing period of the cycle.

In a similar fashion, coils RI3I H, RI32H may be energized under control of second group indicating columns under the lower and upper brushes. Other group indicating columns control energization of similar relays, each including a pick up coil and a companion holding coil. Several such pick up coils are shown and designated in Fig. Be as RI33, RI, RIBS, and RI36. The companion holding coils are omitted to simplity the drawing but it will be understood that they are controlled by the pick up coils and arranged in the circuit in the same way as coils RI29H to RI32H. Assume the first two group indicating columns are for minor control, the

first three for intermediate control, and the entire tour columns for major control. The b contacts oi the above holding coils are connected as shown to plug sockets 2M (upper right, Fig. 8a). For the assumed manner of control, the plug socket "I connected to the contacts RIM!) and Rl3t|b is connected by plug wire to a socket "I of contacts RI3Ib and RIM!) and a plug wire 202 is connected between one of the latter sockets "I to the minor shunt socket MiS. Further, a socket I of contacts RIM!) and RI34b is connected similarly by plug wire (not shown) to the intermediate shunt plug socket IS, while the socket 20I of contacts RI36b and RI36b is connected by plug wire to major shunt socket MjS. It the perforations in the first two group indicating columns agree, contacts Rl29b, RI30b, RIiIIb, and RI33b will be simultaneously shifted from normal condition and will not close a cirthe following circuit will form (Fig. 8a):

Minor control pickup.-Line I88, contacts CBI1 and I8, the right side of shifted contacts RI 820, the left normally closed side of contacts RI3Ib, connected socket 20I, plug wire 202, minor shunt socket MzS, coil RI26, wire I89, to line I85.

Coil RI28 closes contacts RI28a to form the circuit of holding coil RI28H from line I 85, through wire I88, coil Rl28H, contacts RI28a, cam contact CB28, to line I 88.

In a similar way, the intermediate holding coil RI21H and the major holding coil RI28I-I may be energized upon failure of the intermediate and the major indications to agree.

Coil RI28H holds contacts Rl28b closed to energize minor auto control coil R28 during a test I period,asfollows (Fig. 8a, right):

Minor auto control coil R26.-Line I88, contacts R80, cam contacts CFI, contacts RI28b, minor auto control switch S8, coil R28, contacts CBI8. to line I88.

Coil R28 closes contacts R28c (center, bottom of Fig. 8a) to establish a circuit from line I88 through holding coil R28H and magnet MI in parallel, through' contacts R280, cam contacts PI8, wire 208, to line I88.

In a similar way, coil R21H and coils and coil R28M and MA coils are energized under intermediate and major control these circuits extending, however, through cam contacts PI8. 1 It-may be observed that contacts R21b when closed connect the coils R21 and R28 in parallel. and'that when contacts R281) are closed, coils R28 and R21'are connected in parallel. Thus, an intermediate group change causes energization of the minor control coil R28 along with intermediate control coil R21, and a major change causes coil R21, as well as R28, to be energized, in turn causing coil R28 to energize.

For the present, assume that the machine is set for minor auto control by closing switch S8 and that the intermediate and major auto controls are rendered inoperative by opening intermediate control switch S8 and major control switch 58.

Upon occurrence of a minor group change, minor auto control coil R28 is energized when cam contacts CFI make'at 220 of the card cycle during which the group change occurred. Energizetion of coil R28 causes coil R28H and relay magnet M1 to be energized. Coil R28H opens contacts R288 in the card feed clutch magnet circuit (Fig, 8a, left), and the card feed cycle means will stop at 330 of the machine cycle. At 230, con- 'tacts CBIO make, closing the following circuit (Fig, 8a, center) Balance test coils-Line I88, wire 208, cam contacts PIS, now closed R280 contacts, wire 208, cam contacts CBIII, closed R22Ia contacts, and in parallel through balance test coils R222 and R228, wires 208 and 201, to line I85. Coil R222 closes R222a contacts (Fig. 88, lower right) and when cam contacts CB22 (Fig. 8b, upper right) make at 245", the following circuit forms (Fig. 8b)

Minor class of t0taZ.-Line I88, contacts CB22, the upper side of the now shifted minor control relay contacts M18, minor class of total plug socket bank 208, a plug wire 208 to #1 plug socket 2I0, a class of total coil R212, a pair of contacts R222a, to line I88.

Coil R212 opens the normally closed side of conline I88.

connected by a plug wire (not shown) to a plug socket 2I2 (Fig. 8a, top center), connected through relay contacts R2l2a, now closed, to a" balance detecting coil R228. Balance test coil R223 is still energized through cam contacts CBi0 when cam contacts CB5 (upper left of Fig. 8b) close at about 258 (Fig. 9). Accordingly contacts R2231: in series with contacts CB5 are now closed. If a supplementary order registers 0, manifesting the presence of a positive balance, a circuit is not completed through cam contacts CB8 and R223a. However, if the supplementary order registers 9, thus indicating a negative balance, the closure of cam contacts CB8 at about 258 of the cycle in which the group change occurred, completes the following circuit (Fig. 8b):

Negative balance detecting coiZ.--Line I88, contacts CB8, contacts R223a, the normally closed side of contacts R21I a, the commonly connected 9 segments 81 of-the readout commutators of all the orders, a brush 38 engaging the 9 segment 81 of the supplementary order TH, the opposite brush 38 of this order, commonsegment 88 thereof, a wire 2, the upper, now-closed side of contacts R212b, plug socket CI, the plug wire (not shown) to socket 2I2 (Fig. 8a), now closed R212a and 201, to line I85.

When cam contacts CB28 close at about 275, the circuit of coil R228H also extends through these cam contacts which are in parallel with the M18 contacts.

When relay contacts R228a closed, the following circuit also was completed (Fig. 8a)

Negative balance control coiL-Line I88, wires 201 and 208, a coil R220, inner contacts R228a, and through M15 (later, also through CB28), to

about 300, the following circuit forms:

Negative balance conversion controZ.--Line I88,

cam contacts C1321, wire- 2I8, normally closed R22Ib contacts, contacts R220a, parallel coils R288 and R21I, wires 208 and 201, to line I85.

Coil R285 now closes contacts R288a, forming the following circuit (Fig. 8a, middle) Conversion COilr-UDB' I88, wires 201 and 208, coil R2, contacts R288a, outer contacts R228a, in parallel through contacts C328 and M18, to line I88.

Coils R21I and R2 have been energized at about 300 at which point the cam contacts C321 of the Negative balance conversion control" circuit closed. Coil R21I closes the lower side of R21I afcontacts (Fig. 8b, upper left), connecting the 9 segments 31 to cam contacts CB5. Coil R21I also closes a group of contacts R21Ib, each in series with a different one of the 8 to "0 rows of segments 81 of the readout commutator-s. Coil R2 closes aset of contacts R28Ia, each in series with one of the common contact segment 38 of A00. #1. During the machine cycle following the one in which the group change occurred, conversion by addition occurs to convert the nines 

